Simultaneous Degradation of Trichloroethylene and Toluene by Burkholderia cepacia G4 and the Effect of Biotransformation on Bacterial Density          下载免费PDF全文

Shanawar Hamid  Muhammad Tahir Amin  Abdulrahman Ali Alazba  Umair Manzoor 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(7):998-1003

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班公湖—怒江成矿带商旭造山型金矿床Ⅲ号矿段深部找矿潜力研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘洪  李光明  黄瀚霄  张智林  肖万峰  焦彦杰  梁生贤  郭境  兰双双 《地质学报》2017,91(6):1245-1258

西藏双湖县商旭造山型金矿床位于班公湖—怒江缝合带中段,矿体受NWW向的脆—韧性断裂构造控制,呈似层状、脉状产于中—下侏罗统木嘎岗日群混杂岩中。围岩为炭质板岩、变石英砂岩等。矿石类型主要为石英脉型和构造蚀变岩型,矿石构造以细脉状和角砾状为主,矿石矿物为自然金。矿床学与同位素地球化学研究认为木嘎岗日群含金建造为商旭金矿提供了主要物质来源,NWW向脆—韧性断裂构造为含金热液的运移和金的沉淀供了运输通道和就位空间,羌塘南缘早白垩世构造—岩浆活动为含金热液的运移提供了热动力,矿区内NWW向构造破碎带中变形强烈,具黄铁矿化、硅化蚀变的地段,为本矿区的找矿有利地区。土壤地球化学调查显示,Ⅲ号矿段南部,T-4、T-5异常区域具有较好的找矿潜力;电法测深资料显示,Ⅲ号矿段的控矿构造在深部还有延伸,并可能与区域较深大的断裂相连。综合分析认为,Ⅲ_(1-2)号矿体在标高4200m以下还具有较大的找矿潜力,通过进一步地质勘查工作,有望提高金资源量,扩大矿床规模。同时,初步总结了商旭造山型金矿床"找矿三步组合拳"的勘查工作方法。  相似文献   

Transformation,partitioning and flow–deposit interactions during the run‐out of megaflows          下载免费PDF全文

Claus Fallgatter  Ben Kneller  Paulo S. G. Paim  Juan P. Milana 《Sedimentology》2017,64(2):359-387

Four megabeds (I to IV) were recognized throughout the Cerro Bola inlier, a glacially influenced depositional area of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin, south‐western La Rioja Province, Argentina. Such anomalous thick beds are associated with the collapse of an unstable basin margin after periods of large meltwater discharge and sediment accumulation. Failure of these previously deposited sediments triggered mass flows and associated turbidity currents into the basin. Megabed I is up to 188 m thick and was deposited during a transgressive stage by re‐sedimentation of ice‐rafted debris. Also part of the transgressive stage, Megabeds II, III and IV are up to 9 m thick and are associated with a dropstone‐free period of flooding. Megabeds were subdivided into three divisions (1 to 3) that represent a spectrum of flow properties and rheologies, indicative of a wide range of grain support mechanisms. These divisions are proposed as an idealized deposit that may or may not be completely present; the Cerro Bola megabeds thus display bipartite or tripartite organization, each division inferred to reflect a rheologically distinct phase of flow. Division 1 is a basal layer that consists of clast‐supported and matrix‐supported, pebble conglomerate, rarely followed by weak normally graded to ungraded, very coarse‐ to coarse‐grained sandstone. This lower interval is interpreted to be the deposit of a concentrated density flow and is absent in bipartite megabeds. Division 2 is represented by a mud‐rich sandstone matrix with dispersed granule to pebble‐size crystalline and mudstone clasts. It also includes fragments of sandstone up to boulder size, as well as rafts of cohesive muddy material and wood fragments. Division 2 is interpreted to be a result of debris‐flow deposition. A debrite‐related topography, resulting from the freezing of high yield strength material, captures and partially confines the succeeding upper division 3, which fills the topographic lows and pinches out against topographic highs. Division 3 is rich in mudstone chips and consists of very coarse‐grained, dirty sandstones grading upward to siltstones and mudstones. It is interpreted to be a deposit of a co‐genetic turbidity current. Spectral gamma ray and petrographic analyses indicate that both debrite and co‐genetic turbidite have high depositional mud content and are of similar composition. One of the megabeds is correlated with an initial slump‐derived debris flow, which suggests that the mass flow becomes partitioned both at the top, generating a co‐genetic turbidity current and, at the base, segregating into a concentrated density flow that seems to behave as a gravelly traction carpet.  相似文献   

ESTARFM模型在西藏色林错湖面积时空变化中的应用分析(1976-2014年)     

郝贵斌  吴波  张立福  付东杰  李瑶 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(6):833-846

湖泊（特别是内陆湖）作为全球气候变化的敏感区域,是气候变化与环境变异的指示器,其面积变化在一定程度上可反映区域的气候变化。因此,精确监测湖泊面积的时空变化,对分析区域生态环境变化具有重要的意义。本文基于ESTARFM时空数据融合模型,利用MODIS数据模拟了2000年后无法得到的Landsat数据;利用NDWI和MNDWI 2种水体指数并辅以DEM数据分析了1976-2014年西藏色林错湖湖面面积的时空变化;综合湖区周围6个气象站点的气象数据(1970-2014年),探究了湖面面积变化的原因及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：(1)利用ESTARFM时空融合模型得到的Landsat-Like数据与真实的Landsat数据在水体信息提取方面具有较高的相关性,R²可达0.93,时空数据融合的结果可用于湖泊水体的信息提取;(2)近40年来（1976-2014年）,色林错湖处于持续扩张状态,面积呈较显著的增长趋势,增加了近711.652 km²,增幅为42.36%,年平均增长速率约为18.728 km²a^-1,增长最快时可达55.954 km²a^-1;湖面面积变化先后经历了平稳变化-迅速变化-平稳变化3个阶段;北部湖区在40年间变化最为明显,向北扩展了约22.812 km;2003-2005年,南部湖区已与雅根错湖连为一体,随后二者共同扩张;(3)气温的持续升高造成的冰雪融水补给增加可能是导致湖泊面积扩张的主要因素,风速的降低为次要因素,湖面的面积变化与降水量、日照时数的变化相关性不明显。  相似文献   

青藏高原西南部塔若错湖泊沉积物记录的近300年来气候环境变化   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张小龙  徐柏青  李久乐  谢营  高少鹏  王茉 《地球科学与环境学报》2012,(1):79-90

以青藏高原西南部塔若错的34cm浅湖芯为研究对象,对其沉积物样品进行总有机碳、无机碳、总氮、微量元素、正构烷烃含量及碳氮比等多项指标的分析测定。采用过剩210 Pb和137 Cs计年法对该湖芯进行了定年和沉积速率研究,获得了近300年的连续湖泊沉积环境序列。在明确了各指标气候环境指示意义的前提下,综合对比分析湖芯中各项气候环境指标,并结合定年结果重建了塔若错湖区近300年来的气候环境变化。结果表明:塔若错湖区气候环境变化可分为3个明显阶段:早期为1705～1778年,该地区气候环境温暖湿润,湖区植被广泛发育;中期为1778～1860年,湖区处于小冰期末次阶段,气候环境寒冷而湿润,植被发育受阻;后期为1860年至今,为小冰期结束后偏暖干化时期。其中,后期又可分为3个亚阶段:1860～1924年,湖区气候环境稍暖且干旱,植被稍有发育;1924～1969年,湖区气候环境呈现偏冷干特点,植被发育暂缓;1969年至今,湖区气候回暖,环境干旱化有所缓解,植被开始逐渐发育。在气候冷暖变化上,该湖芯记录与古里雅冰芯记录和青海湖湖泊沉积记录都有较好的可对比性,只是在起讫年代上存在一些差异。  相似文献   

青藏高原典型下垫面的土壤温湿特征   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

杨健  马耀明 《冰川冻土》2012,34(4):813-820

利用中国科学院纳木错站、 珠峰站和藏东南站2007年土壤温湿度的观测资料, 分别分析了这3个不同下垫面下观测站的土壤温湿度分布的时空特征.结果显示:3个站土壤温度的年变化和年平均的日变化趋势基本相同, 与太阳辐射变化特征一致; 它们在冻结深度和冻结时间上差别较大; 下垫面特征、 土壤的冻结消融及其物理性质的差异使3个站表现出了不同的土壤湿度变化特征; 3个站均表现为在某一深度有一个高含水层, 土壤消融(冻结)使土壤湿度迅速增大(减小).  相似文献   

Composition, spatial distribution, and environmental significance of water ions in Pumayum Co catchment, southern Tibet     

ZHU Liping  JU Jianting  WANG Yong  XIE Manping  WANG Junbo  PENG Ping  ZHEN Xiaolin  LIN Xiao 《地理学报》2010,20(1):109-120

The chemistry of major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (HCO3 ?, SO4 2?, and Cl?) in the water of Lake Pumayum Co and its inflow river was studied, revealing the obvious ionic difference among various inflow rivers and the lake. The chemical type of the lake water was Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3 ?-SO4 2+, but the major ions of the main inflow rivers were Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3 ?. In the lake inlet of Jiaqu River, the main inflow river, there was significant variance of water chemistry within the depth less than 2 m. However, it was almost homogeneous at other area of the lake. Therefore, with the evidence of distribution of water chemistry and oxygen isotope of lake water, a conclusion can be outlined that Jiaqu River had a distinct effect on the hydrochemistry of the water on the submerged delta, whereas this is not the case for other rivers. The Gibbs plot revealed that the dominant mechanism responsible for controlling chemical compositions of the lake water was rocks weathering in the drainage area. Ion ratios and ternary plots further explored the main processes controlling the water chemistry of the catchment, i.e., carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering, and silicate weathering. The different hydrochemistry characteristics between river water and lake water may result from the CaCO3 precipitation. The findings will benefit the explanation of the environmental significance of carbonate in paleolimnological studies in the lake.  相似文献   

2007-2011年西藏纳木错流域积雪时空变化及其影响因素分析     

万欣  康世昌  李延峰  陈锋  丛志远  张国帅 《冰川冻土》2013,35(6):1400-1409

通过2007-2011年纳木错站人工积雪观测资料,对西藏纳木错流域MODIS两种积雪产品(MOD10A1和MOD10A2)进行了精度验证,分析了纳木错流域积雪累积和消融的空间差异,以及流域积雪覆盖率的时空变化;利用纳木错站人工积雪观测资料及自动气象站资料,分析了纳木错流域积雪要素(积雪深度、雪水当量、积雪密度)的时间变化及其与气候参数(气温、降水量、风速等)的关系.结果表明：纳木错流域MOD10A2数据的积雪识别精度(67.1%)高于MOD10A1(42.2%),总识别精度(73.0%)略低于MOD10A1数据(78.4%).纳木错流域积雪累积和消融存在空间差异,积雪在流域南部的念青唐古拉山脉最先累积,之后为流域东部,最后为流域西部;积雪消融的空间变化则相反.由此导致流域积雪日数南部最大、东部次之、西部及西北部最小.纳木错流域各积雪要素的年内变化存在双峰值特征,峰值分别出现在10-11月和1月,积雪在10-11月受降水和气温共同作用,12月至次年3月主要受气温影响.纳木错流域的平均积雪覆盖率为21.9%,受湖泊效应影响区域(主要为东部地区)达到50.6%,而其他区域仅为18.3%.同时,受湖泊效应影响,纳木错平均积雪深度、积雪水当量均显著大于周边地区.  相似文献   

九江1井水位与水温对大震的同震响应特征及机理浅析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周红艳  赵爱平  王敏  曾文敬 《高原地震》2012,(4):44-49

统计分析九江1井2008—2011年水位、水温在多次大震中的同震响应特征,结果显示:水位通常表现为在正常背景下振荡,水温则通常表现为突降后恢复正常,水位和水温对远场大震的同震响应存在着一致性。同时,九江1井水位对地震的同震响应灵敏性优于同井水温观测,但水位观测受降雨影响,且气压效应明显。  相似文献   

Adsorption–Reduction Behavior of Co(NH3) on Activated Carbon     

Yan‐Peng Mao  Yu Chen  Jing‐Yi Cheng  Hai‐Song Zhu  Xiang‐Li Long  Wei‐Kang Yuan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(2):117-122

A novel method has been put forward to retrofit the wet ammonia desulfurization process to realize the combined removal of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide by introducing soluble cobalt(II) salt into aqueous ammonia solution. The active constituent of scrubbing NO from the flue gases is the produced by ammonia coordinating with Co²⁺. The regeneration of can be realized under the catalysis of activated carbon so as to sustain a high NO removal efficiency for a long time. In this paper, the adsorption–reduction behavior of on activated carbon has been researched using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A conclusion can be drawn from the results that cobalt ions in the aqueous solution are adsorbed by activated carbon and most of them are reduced to Co²⁺ ions, and some of the Co²⁺ ions are further reduced into metallic cobalt. The results also demonstrate that the functional groups on the surface of carbon take part in this redox reaction. The C? H groups on the carbon surface are oxidized into C? OH, and then some of the hydroxyl groups are further oxidized into carbonyl or carboxyl groups.  相似文献